Microeconomics economist

📚 UGC NET Economics — संपूर्ण अर्थशास्त्री सूची

शास्त्रीय · नियोशास्त्रीय · कीन्सियन · विकास · खेल सिद्धांत · बाजार संरचना · लाभ · कल्याण · सार्वजनिक वित्त · अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार · श्रम · व्यवहारिक · अर्थमिति एवं अन्य

✅ कुल अर्थशास्त्री : 108 (सीरियल नंबर + वर्ष सहित)

🥇 शास्त्रीय एवं प्रारंभिक अर्थशास्त्री (Classical & Early Economists) 6 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
1	Adam Smith	Wealth of Nations, Invisible Hand, Absolute Advantage, Canons of Taxation	1776
2	David Ricardo	Principles of Political Economy, Comparative Advantage, Rent Theory	1817
3	Thomas Malthus	Essay on Population (Population grows geometrically, food arithmetically)	1798
4	Jean-Baptiste Say	Say's Law (Supply creates its own demand)	1803
5	Karl Marx	Das Kapital, Surplus Value Theory, Labour Theory of Value	1867
6	John Stuart Mill	Principles of Political Economy	1848

🥈 नियोशास्त्रीय अर्थशास्त्री (Neoclassical Economists)9 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
7	Alfred Marshall	Principles of Economics, Consumer Surplus, Diminishing MU, Quasi Rent	1890
8	William Stanley Jevons	Theory of Political Economy, Cardinal Utility, Marginal Utility	1871
9	Léon Walras	Elements of Pure Economics, Walras' Law, General Equilibrium	1874
10	Vilfredo Pareto	Manual of Political Economy, Pareto Optimality, Pareto Efficiency	1906
11	Francis Ysidro Edgeworth	Mathematical Psychics, Edgeworth Box, Indifference Curves	1881
12	Knut Wicksell	Interest and Prices, Wicksellian Equilibrium, Cumulative Process	1898
13	Irving Fisher	The Theory of Interest, Quantity Theory of Money	1930
14	Eugen Slutsky	Slutsky Equation (Price = Substitution + Income Effect)	1915
15	Hermann Gossen	Entwicklung der Gesetze des menschlichen Verkehrs, Gossen's Laws	1854

🥉 कीन्सियन एवं मैक्रोइकॉनॉमिक्स (Keynesian & Macroeconomics)12 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
16	John Maynard Keynes	General Theory of Employment, Interest & Money, Pump Priming	1936
17	A.C. Pigou	The Economics of Welfare, Pigouvian Tax, Pigou Effect	1920
18	Roy Harrod	Towards a Dynamic Economics, Harrod-Domar Model	1939
19	Evsey Domar	Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth and Employment	1946
20	John Hicks	Value and Capital, IS-LM, Kaldor-Hicks Criterion, Indifference Curves	1939
21	Alvin Hansen	Fiscal Policy & Business Cycles, IS-LM (with Hicks)	1940s
22	Franco Modigliani	Life Cycle Hypothesis (Consumption function)	1954
23	Milton Friedman	A Theory of the Consumption Function, Permanent Income Hypothesis, Monetarism	1957
24	James Duesenberry	Income, Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behavior, Ratchet Effect	1949
25	Paul Samuelson	Foundations of Economic Analysis, Revealed Preference, SWF	1947
26	Robert Solow	Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Solow Model	1956
27	Nicholas Kaldor	Kaldor's Stylized Facts, Kaldor-Hicks Criterion	1950s-60s

📊 विकास अर्थशास्त्र (Development Economics)5 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
28	Arthur Lewis	Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour, Dual Economy	1954
29	Simon Kuznets	Kuznets Curve (Inverted-U Hypothesis), National Income Accounting	1955
30	Raúl Prebisch	The Economic Development of Latin America, Deteriorating Terms of Trade	1950
31	Amartya Sen	Poverty and Famines, Capability Approach, Social Marginal Productivity	1981
32	Hollis B. Chenery	Patterns of Development, Social Marginal Productivity	1960s-70s
33	Wassily Leontief	Input-Output Economics, Leontief Paradox	1941

🎮 खेल सिद्धांत (Game Theory)7 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
34	John von Neumann	Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (with Morgenstern), Minimax Theorem	1944
35	Oskar Morgenstern	Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (with von Neumann)	1944
36	John Nash	Equilibrium Points in N-Person Games, Nash Equilibrium	1950
37	John Maynard Smith	Evolution and the Theory of Games, Evolutionary Game Theory, ESS	1982
38	Robert Axelrod	The Evolution of Cooperation, Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, Tit for Tat	1984
39	Paul Milgrom	Auction Theory, Market Design (Nobel Prize)	1990s-2000s
40	David M. Kreps	Game Theory and Economic Modelling, Reputation, Corporate Culture	1990

🏭 बाजार संरचना एवं फर्म सिद्धांत (Market Structure & Theory of Firm)10 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
41	Augustin Cournot	Researches into the Mathematical Principles of Wealth, Cournot Duopoly	1838
42	Joseph Bertrand	Book review of Cournot, Bertrand Duopoly (Price Competition)	1883
43	Heinrich von Stackelberg	Market Structure and Equilibrium, Stackelberg Model (Leader-Follower)	1934
44	Paul Sweezy	Demand Under Conditions of Oligopoly, Kinked Demand Curve	1939
45	Edward Chamberlin	The Theory of Monopolistic Competition, Product Differentiation	1933
46	Joan Robinson	The Economics of Imperfect Competition, Modern Rent Theory, Quasi Rent	1933
47	Joe S. Bain	Barriers to New Competition, Limit Pricing Theory	1956
48	William J. Baumol	Business Behavior, Value and Growth, Sales Maximisation Model	1959
49	Robin Marris	Growth Maximising Model of Firm (with Marris)	1960s
50	Hall & Hitch	Price Theory and Business Behaviour, Full Cost Pricing	1939

💰 लाभ एवं किराया सिद्धांत (Profit & Rent Theory)6 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
51	Francis Amasa Walker	The Wages Question, Theory of Profit (as entrepreneurial reward)	1876
52	Frank Knight	Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, Profit as Uncertainty Bearing	1921
53	Joseph Schumpeter	The Theory of Economic Development, Innovation Theory of Profit	1911
54	John Bates Clark	The Distribution of Wealth, Marginal Productivity Theory, Static Surplus Profit	1899
55	Michal Kalecki	Theory of Economic Dynamics, Monopoly Theory of Distribution	1954
56	David Ricardo	On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Rent Theory	1817

🔄 कल्याण अर्थशास्त्र (Welfare Economics)8 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
57	Jeremy Bentham	Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, Utilitarian SWF	1789
58	John Rawls	A Theory of Justice, Rawlsian SWF (Maximin)	1971
59	Friedrich Nietzsche	Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzschean SWF (Elitist)	1883-85
60	Abram Bergson	A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics, Bergson-Samuelson SWF	1938
61	Nicholas Kaldor	Welfare Propositions of Economics and Interpersonal Comparisons, Kaldor-Hicks	1939
62	John Hicks	The Foundations of Welfare Economics, Kaldor-Hicks Criterion	1939
63	Tibor Scitovsky	A Note on Welfare Propositions in Economics, Scitovsky Double Criterion	1941
64	Kenneth Arrow	Social Choice and Individual Values, Arrow's Impossibility Theorem	1951

🏛️ सार्वजनिक वित्त (Public Finance)10 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
65	Adam Smith	The Wealth of Nations, Canons of Taxation (Equality, Certainty, Convenience, Economy)	1776
66	Harold D. Smith	Canons of Budgeting (Clarity, Simplicity, Accountability, Flexibility)	1940s
67	Findlay Shirras	The Science of Public Finance, Canons of Public Expenditure	1924
68	Richard A. Musgrave	The Theory of Public Finance, Measure of Tax Incidence (Lorenz Curve)	1959
69	Alan Peacock & Jack Wiseman	The Growth of Public Expenditure in the UK, Peacock-Wiseman Hypothesis	1961
70	Ronald Coase	The Problem of Social Cost, Coase Theorem	1960
71	Erik Lindahl	Just Taxation – A Positive Solution, Lindahl Equilibrium	1919
72	Charles Tiebout	A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures, Tiebout Hypothesis (Voting with Feet)	1956
73	James Buchanan	The Theory of Clubs, Public Choice Theory, Constitutional Economics	1965
74	Abba Lerner	The Economics of Control, Functional Finance, Lerner Index	1944

🌍 अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार (International Trade)9 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
75	Adam Smith	The Wealth of Nations, Absolute Advantage Theory	1776
76	David Ricardo	Principles of Political Economy, Comparative Advantage Theory	1817
77	Eli Heckscher	The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income	1919
78	Bertil Ohlin	Interregional and International Trade, Heckscher-Ohlin Theory	1933
79	Wassily Leontief	Domestic Production and Foreign Trade, Leontief Paradox	1953
80	Frank Taussig	International Trade, Barter Terms of Trade	1927
81	Raúl Prebisch	The Economic Development of Latin America, Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis	1950
82	Paul Samuelson	The Gains from International Trade, Factor Price Equalisation Theorem	1948
83	Raymond Vernon	International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle	1966

👥 श्रम अर्थशास्त्र एवं सूचना विषमता (Labour & Asymmetric Info.)6 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
84	Doeringer & Piore	Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis, Dual Labour Market Theory	1971
85	Joseph Stiglitz	Efficiency Wage Theory (with Yellen), Screening, Asymmetric Information	1970s-80s
86	Janet Yellen	Efficiency Wage Theory (with Stiglitz)	1980s
87	Michael Spence	Job Market Signalling, Screening Hypothesis	1973
88	George Akerlof	The Market for Lemons, Adverse Selection	1970
89	Kenneth Arrow	Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care, Moral Hazard	1963

🧠 व्यवहारिक अर्थशास्त्र एवं राजनीतिक अर्थशास्त्र (Behavioural & Political Economy)5 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
90	Richard Thaler	Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice, Endowment Effect, Nudge Theory	1980
91	Anthony Downs	An Economic Theory of Democracy, Median Voter Theorem	1957
92	John Kenneth Galbraith	The Affluent Society, Countervailing Power, Social Balance Theory	1958
93	Douglass North	Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Transaction Costs Theory	1990
94	Oskar Lange	On the Economic Theory of Socialism, Lange Model (Market Socialism)	1936

📐 गणितीय एवं अर्थमितीय (Mathematical & Econometric)9 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
95	George Dantzig	Linear Programming, Simplex Method	1947
96	Ronald Shephard	Theory of Cost and Production Functions, Shephard's Lemma	1953
97	René Roy	Roy's Identity (Indirect Utility → Marshallian Demand)	1947
98	Richard Stone	Linear Expenditure System (LES), National Income Accounting	1954
99	Lawrence Klein	Economic Forecasting, Large-scale Macroeconomic Models	1950s
100	Trygve Haavelmo	The Probability Approach in Econometrics	1944
101	Jan Tinbergen	Business Cycles, Econometric Model Building	1939
102	Ragnar Frisch	Econometrica Founder, Econometrics	1930s

🌾 अन्य महत्वपूर्ण अर्थशास्त्री (Others)6 अर्थशास्त्री

क्र.	अर्थशास्त्री	मुख्य सिद्धांत / अवधारणा	प्रकाशन वर्ष
103	Ernst Engel	Engel's Law (Food expenditure share falls as income rises)	1857
104	Harold Hotelling	The Economics of Exhaustible Resources, Hotelling Principle, Spatial Competition	1931
105	Edmund Phelps	Golden Rule Savings Rate (Solow growth model)	1961
106	Warren Thompson	Demographic Transition Theory (original)	1929
107	Frank Notestein	Demographic Transition Theory (with Thompson)	1945
108	Karl Sax	Population Theory, Demographic Transition (Thompson-Notestein-Sax)	1950s

✅ UGC NET Economics | पूर्ण अर्थशास्त्री सूची (108) — सभी नाम, मुख्य अवधारणाएँ एवं प्रकाशन वर्ष। कोई भी प्रविष्टि नहीं छोड़ी गई।
📌 ट्रिक : शास्त्रीय → नियोशास्त्रीय → कीन्सियन → विकास → खेल सिद्धांत → बाजार संरचना → लाभ/किराया → कल्याण → सार्वजनिक वित्त → अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार → श्रम सूचना → व्यवहारिक → गणितीय → अन्य।

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