1st paper 3 june
🔹 1. IBID (short for ibidem ) Meaning: “In the same place” Use: When you cite the same source and the same page as the immediately previous citation . Example: Ramesh Sharma, Indian Economy , p. 45. Ibid. ➡️ Here, footnote 2 refers to the same book and page (p. 45) as footnote 1. If the page changes: 3. Ibid., p. 50. → same book, but different page. 🔹 2. LOC. CIT (short for loco citato ) Meaning: “In the place cited” Use: When you refer again to the same work and same page number as a previous (not necessarily the immediately preceding) citation. Example: Ramesh Sharma, Indian Economy , p. 45. K. Singh, Economic Growth of India , p. 72. Ramesh Sharma, loc. cit. ➡️ Here, “loc. cit.” refers back to the earlier citation of Ramesh Sharma (p. 45). 🔸 In Short Basis IBID LOC. CIT. Full form ibidem loco citato Meaning In the same place In the place cited Refers to Immediately preceding citation A previous citation (not necessarily th...



























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