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इस ब्लॉग से लोकप्रिय पोस्ट

1st paper 3 june

🔹 1. IBID (short for ibidem ) Meaning: “In the same place” Use: When you cite the same source and the same page as the immediately previous citation . Example: Ramesh Sharma, Indian Economy , p. 45. Ibid. ➡️ Here, footnote 2 refers to the same book and page (p. 45) as footnote 1. If the page changes: 3. Ibid., p. 50. → same book, but different page. 🔹 2. LOC. CIT (short for loco citato ) Meaning: “In the place cited” Use: When you refer again to the same work and same page number as a previous (not necessarily the immediately preceding) citation. Example: Ramesh Sharma, Indian Economy , p. 45. K. Singh, Economic Growth of India , p. 72. Ramesh Sharma, loc. cit. ➡️ Here, “loc. cit.” refers back to the earlier citation of Ramesh Sharma (p. 45). 🔸 In Short Basis IBID LOC. CIT. Full form ibidem loco citato Meaning In the same place In the place cited Refers to Immediately preceding citation A previous citation (not necessarily th...
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REASONING BY PIYUSH VARSHNEY

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16 Econometrics (OLS under Violations)

UGC NET ECONOMICS: HETEROSCEDASTICITY, AUTOCORRELATION & SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS - OFFICIAL PYQs (2025 TAK) COMPLETE MODULE 📊 HETEROSCEDASTICITY, AUTOCORRELATION, और SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS के तहत OLS के व्यवहार पर 2025 तक के सभी आधिकारिक UGC NET प्रश्न (PYQs) नीचे HETEROSCEDASTICITY, AUTOCORRELATION, और SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS के तहत OLS के व्यवहार पर 2025 तक के सभी आधिकारिक UGC NET प्रश्न (PYQs) दिए गए हैं, जिनमें उनके सटीक वर्ष, शिफ्ट, और हल का विवरण दिया गया है। 📊 त्वरित सारांश (CHEAT SHEET) स्थिति OLS UNBIASED? OLS BLUE? OLS CONSISTENT? क्या करें? HETEROSCEDASTICITY ✅ हाँ ❌ नहीं ✅ हाँ GLS / WLS / ROBUST STD. ERRORS AUTOCORRELATION ✅ हाँ ❌ नहीं ✅ हाँ (कुछ शर्तों में) GLS / NEWEY-WEST STD. ERRORS SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS ❌ नहीं ❌ नहीं ❌ नहीं 2SLS / ILS / FIML 🔷 A. HETEROSCEDASTICITY (विषमविचरणता) – OFFICIAL PYQS 📅 UGC NET OFFICIAL PYQ - SEPTEMBER 2020 (EVENING SHIFT) प्...
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